مجله حقوقی دادگستری

مجله حقوقی دادگستری

قاضی همچون نگهبانِ حق‌ها؛ جستاری دربارۀ رویکردِ حق‌محور به کنشگریِ قضایی

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دکتری حقوق کیفری و جرم‌شناسی، دانشکدۀ حقوق، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران
2 استاد گروه حقوق جزا و جرم‌شناسی، دانشکدۀ حقوق، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران
چکیده
دو تصوّر از نقش قاضی در جامعۀ سیاسی را می‌توان در تقابل با هم نهاد: قاضیِ کنشگر و قاضیِ خوددار. قاضیِ کنشگر از منصب قضا فرصتی برای تحقق آرمان‌های اجتماعی مانند پاسداری از حق‌های مردم و عدالت اجتماعی می‌سازد. در مقابل، قاضیِ خوددار تا حد ممکن می‌کوشد با رویکرد متن‌گرایانه قانون را اِعمال کند و از کنشگری در جهت تحقق آرمان‌های اجتماعی بپرهیزد. مقالۀ پیش‌رو چهارچوبی نظری برای فهم کنشگری قضایی مهیا می‌کند. کنشگری قضایی، مخاطراتی مهم دارد و ممکن است به ارزش‌های مهم حقوقی مانند تفکیک قوا و دموکراسی لطمه برساند. با این همه، مقاله استدلال می‌کند تحت شرایطی می‌توان از قِسمی کنشگریِ قضاییِ مشروع سخن گفت. به این منظور، ناگزیریم دربارۀ جهت کنشگری و زمینۀ سیاسی آن بیندیشیم. در نهایت، مقاله با روش هنجاری نشان می‌دهد که موجه است قاضیان با رعایت موازین در برابر «جنگ قانون‌گذار علیه حکومتِ قانون» بایستند و کنشگرانه از حق‌های مردم پاسداری کنند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

The Judge as the Guardian of the Rule of Law: An Essay on the Rights-Oriented Approach to Judicial Activism

نویسندگان English

Mahdi Samaei 1
Mohammad Jfar Habibzadeh 2
1 PhD in Criminal Law and Criminology, School of Law, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
2 PhD in Criminal Law and Criminology, School of Law, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

Two categories of the judicial role in political society can be separated: the activist judge and the self-restrained judge. The activist judge utilizes the judicial office to realize social ideals such as protecting people's rights and social justice. On the other hand, the self-restrained judge tries as much as possible to apply the law with a textual approach and avoids activism. The article provides a theoretical framework for understanding judicial activism. Judicial activism has significant risks and may harm legal values such as the rule of law, separation of powers, and democracy. Despite all this, the article argues that we can talk about legitimate judicial activism under certain conditions. So we must think about the activism's direction and political context. The article shows that it is justified for judges to resist the "lawmaker's war against the rule of law" and actively protect people's rights against the encroachments of the ruling system..

کلیدواژه‌ها English

judicial activism
lawmaker'
s war against the rule of law
protection of rights
the rule of law
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دوره 87، شماره 122
تابستان 1402
صفحه 159-189

  • تاریخ دریافت 23 اردیبهشت 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری 26 مرداد 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش 16 مرداد 1402
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار 16 مرداد 1402
  • تاریخ انتشار 01 تیر 1402