مجله حقوقی دادگستری

مجله حقوقی دادگستری

مؤلفه‌های مداخلۀ دولت در تنظیم‌گری حرفۀ وکالت؛ مطالعۀ موردی نظام حقوقی انگلستان

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 استادیار گروه حقوق بین‌الملل، دانشکدۀ حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه خوارزمی‌، تهران، ایران
2 استادیار گروه حقوق عمومی، ‌دانشکدۀ حقوق، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران
3 دانشجوی دکتری حقوق عمومی، دانشکدۀ حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
چکیده
تأثیر مشاغل حرفه‌ای بر منفعت عمومی جامعه و ورود آن‌ها به حوزۀ خدمت عمومی، ضرورت مداخلۀ دولت در تنظیم ضوابط حاکم بر عملکرد آن‌ها را دوچندان می‌سازد. پژوهش پیش رو با بهره‌گیری از مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای و اتخاذ رویکردی تحلیلی ـ توصیفی، در مقام تبیین مؤلفه‌های مداخلۀ دولت در تنظیم‌گری حرفۀ وکالت به این نتیجه دست یافته است که برخلاف تصور رایج، دولت انگلستان در سه سطح مداخله در ضوابط حاکم بر «ساختار و تشکیلات نهاد وکالت»، «نحوۀ ورود به حرفۀ وکالت» و «تصدی حرفۀ وکالت» به تنظیم رژیم حقوقی حاکم بر نهاد وکالت پرداخته است. مواردی چون «تعیین ماهیت حقوقی کانون»، «نظارت دولتی جامع بر کانون وکلا و حرفۀ وکالت»، «مقررات‌گذاری در حوزۀ وکالت»، «الزام گزارش‌دهی کانون وکلا به نهادهای دولتی»، «نظارت بر مصوبات ارکان و اجزای مدیریتی کانون»، «الزام به اعمال شفافیت در عملکرد کانون‌های وکلا»، «تعیین شرایط تصدی وکالت و ظرفیت پذیرش»، «تنظیم اعمال نظارت مردمی ‌بر کانون‌های وکلا»، «تنظیم سازوکار نظارت دولتی بر کانون وکلا»، «تعیین میزان و نحوۀ اخذ حق‌الوکاله‌ها»، «تعلیق و لغو پروانۀ وکالت»، «نظارت بر مستخدمین و کارمندان وکیل» و نهایتاً «تنظیم سازوکار همکاری وکلا و غیروکلا» و... نمونه‌هایی از مداخلهۀ دولت انگلستان در تنظیم‌گری کانون‌های وکلا در این کشور به شمار می‌آیند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Components of government intervention in regulating the legal profession; Case Study: The English Legal System

نویسندگان English

Mojtaba Asgharian 1
ali bahadorijahromi 2
mohammad sadegh farahani 3
1 Assistant Professor, Department of International Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Public Law, Faculty of Law, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
3 Doctoral student of Public Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

The performance of professional jobs for the public interest of society and their entry into the field of public services, doubles the need for government intervention in regulating the rules governing their performance. The present study, by exploiting the studies of the control library and adopting an analytical-descriptive approach, in order to explain the components of government intervention in regulating the legal profession, has reached the conclusion that contrary to the idea, the UK government intervenes in three levels of criteria. Governing the "structure and organization of the legal profession", "how to enter the legal profession" and "professional tenure" to pay the legal regime governing the legal profession is paid. Items such as "Determining the legal nature of the Bar Association", "Comprehensive government oversight of the Bar Association and the legal profession", "Regulation in the field of advocacy", "Reporting the Bar Association's obligation to nine government governments", "Reviewing the Bar Association's request and supervision On the approvals of the pillars and management components of the association "," Obligation to apply transparency in the performance of bar associations "," Determining the conditions of representation and admission "," Intervention of lawyers' training "," Intervention in the names in the list of lawyers "," Establishment of lawyers 'disciplinary courts and investigation of their violations "," Regulation of public oversight of Uber Bar Associations "," Regulation of government oversight mechanism in Bar Associations "," Supervision of lawyers' training "," Determining the amount and "How to obtain attorneys' fees", "Suspension and revocation of attorney's license", "Prohibition of attorney by qualified persons", "Control over employees and attorneys" and finally "Regulation of the mechanism of attorneys and non-attorneys" are examples of government intervention in England The establishment of bar associations in this country is considered.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Regulatory
Bar Association
Government Intervention
Supervision
Advocacy
*Andrews, Neil H. (2013), No win No Fee Systems. In Andrews on Civil Processes: Court Proceedings, Cambridge University Press, pp. 559-584.
* Arden, Mary Howarth, The Judicial System of England and Wales: A Visitor’s Guide,
Judicial Office, UK Judiciary (available at: www.judiciary.uk)
* Bowles, Roger (1994), “The Structure of the Legal Profession in England and Wales”, Oxford Review of Economic Policy, vol. 10., issue 1.
*Clementi, Sir David (2004), Review of the Regulatory Framework for Legal Services in England and Wales, Final Report, available at: http://www.avocatsparis.org/Presence_Internationale/droit_homme/PDF/Rapport_Clementi.pdf
*Cohen, Harry (1990), “The Divided Legal Profession in England and Wales –Can Barristers and Solicitors Ever Be Fused?”, The Journal of the Legal Citation.
*Department for Constitutional Affairs, Competition and Regulation in the Legal Services Market – A Report Following the Consultation “In the Public Interest?”, 2003.
*Domberger, Simon & Sherr, Avrom (1989), “The impact of competition on pricing and quality of legal services”, International Review of Law and Economics, pp. 41-56
*Dunne, Niamh (2021), “Liberalization and the Legal Profession in England and Wales”, The Cambridge Law Journal, April, 80 (2), pp. 274-307
*Elliot, Catherine, & Frances, Quinn (2018), English Legal System, 18th ed., Pearson.
*Finch, Emily & Fafinsky, Stefan (2017), English Legal System, 6th ed., Pearson.
*Goldsmith, Jonathan, Charter of Core Principles of the European Legal Profession and Code of Conduct for European Lawyers, 2013 (available at: www.ccbe.eu)
*Gower, L.C.B., & Price, Leolin (1957), “The Profession and Practice of the Law in England and America”, The Modern Law Review, Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 817-846
*Harris, Phil (2006), The Legal Profession. In An Introduction to Law, Cambridge University Press, pp. 420-444
*McNamara, Michael (2018), Toward Effective Supervision for the Legal Profession: A Focus on Supervised Practice, Griffith Law School, available at: https://research-repository.griffith.edu.au
*Office of Fair Trading, Competition in the Professions – A Report by the Director General of Fair Trading, 2001
*Slapper, Gary & Kelly, David (2017), The English Legal System, 18th ed., Routledge.
*Sommerland, Hilary et al. (2010), Diversity in the Legal Profession in England and Wales: A Qualitative Study of Barriers and Individual Choices, University of Westminster Law Press. Laws and Regulations
*Courts and Legal Services Act 1990
*Legal Services Act 2007
*Magistrates Courts Act 1980
*Solicitors Act 1974
*The Administration of Justice Act 1985
*The Insolvency (England and Wales) Rules 2016
*The Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007
دوره 87، شماره 121
بهار 1402
صفحه 1-20

  • تاریخ دریافت 27 اردیبهشت 1400
  • تاریخ بازنگری 03 مهر 1400
  • تاریخ پذیرش 31 شهریور 1400
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار 08 آذر 1400
  • تاریخ انتشار 01 فروردین 1402