This study examines the legal dimensions of the United States’ airstrike on Iran’s nuclear facilities in Fordow, Natanz, and Isfahan on 22 June 2025. This action, carried out under the framework of “Operation Midnight Hammer,” without authorization from the United Nations Security Council and without the fulfillment of the conditions for lawful self-defense, is considered, from the perspective of international law, to be in conflict with the principle of the prohibition of the use of force and the provisions of the United Nations Charter. Given that the targeted infrastructure falls within the category of facilities related to the peaceful use of nuclear energy, assessing this incident from the standpoint of nuclear law, the obligations arising from the non-proliferation regime, and the principles governing the international responsibility of states is of particular importance. Furthermore, this act may, in terms of its possible classification as aggression and the legal consequences arising therefrom, carry significant implications and repercussions. Accordingly, adopting a descriptive-analytical approach and relying on library-based and documentary research, this study collects and evaluates data through an examination of treaties, international instruments and resolutions, the practice of relevant institutions, and the views of legal doctrine, in order to clarify the legal and legislative consequences of this incident.