نوع مقاله : پژوهشی
عنوان مقاله English
نویسندگان English
Accusation, as the main stage of the criminal process, which can be considered as the gateway to criminal justice, is affected by criminal justice systems in such a way that, contrary to most beliefs, that the indicators of accusation are the same in all legal systems, its indicators according to the systems and processes Criminal justice is different, and as a result, this influence plays an important role in the beginning and subsequent stages of the criminal process. The current research, which was compiled with descriptive-analytical method after examining the criminal justice systems and processes, has concluded: the indicators of objection to the accusation are different according to the system and the governing process of the proceedings, so that in the Roman-Germanic system, the prosecutor has no role in the objection stage. There is no charge and he must proceed with it, while in the common law system, the prosecutor can refuse to charge in some cases. In the control-oriented criminal justice process, any reaction against order and security is faced with an accusation, while in the dignity-oriented process, the accusation is based on the sufficiency of evidence system and is introduced with caution and considering the prevailing suspicion of committing a crime. Finally, in the combined process, in crimes with private status, accusations are presented with the same indicators as in the dignity-oriented process, and in crimes with public status, including crimes against sovereignty, the indicators of accusations are similar to the control-oriented process. The approach of Iran's criminal justice system in this regard is such that the prosecutor has no authority in the accusation stage and must initiate the criminal process, and in the end, the accusation in Iranian law is considered to be in line with the indicators of the control system to a large extent.
کلیدواژهها English
منابع
الف: فارسی
§ دهخدا، علی اکبر.(1377). لغت نامه،چاپ پنجم، جلد دوازدهم، تهران؛انتشارات دانشگاه تهران.
§ شیداییان و همکاران، مهدی.(1400). تحلیل نسبت مصلحتسنجی تعقیب کیفری با نظم عمومی و امنیت اجتماعی. مطالعات و تحقیقات اجتماعی در ایران، سال دهم، شمارۀ 1- 79-116.
§ شیداییان، مهدی و اسحاقی، سید جعفر،(1399) جلوههای مصلحت عمومی در آیین دادرسی کیفری و چالش آن با حقوق فردی، فصلنامه دیدگاه های حقوق قضایی، دورۀ 25، شمارۀ 89، 101- 120.
§ عمرانی فر، عدنان و شیدائیان، مهدی(1402). ایراد اتهام به افراد؛ علل و پیامدها از منظر مبانی قرآنی و روایی، فصلنامه مطالعات قرآنی جیرفت، دوره 4 (شماره 56)، 52- 76.
§ عمرانی فر، عدنان و همکاران (1399). جایگاه شُعبه مقدماتی در دیوان بین الملل کیفری و اِمکان سنجی پیش بینی آن در حقوقِ ایران. پژوهشنامه حقوق تطبیقی، دوره 4 (شماره 2)، 162-179.
§ کوشکی، غلامحسن. (1389). جایگزین های تعقیب دعوای عمومی در نظام دادرسی کیفری ایران و فرانسه. حقوق و سیاست، دوره 12، (شماره 29)، 327-350.
§ معین، محمد،(1387). فرهنگ فارسی معین، چاپ سوم، تهران: انتشارات فرهنگ نما.
ب: انگلیسی