نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسنده

چکیده

 رسیدگی‌های موازی که می‌توان آن را به‌طور خلاصه طرح دعاوی مرتبط نزد مراجع گوناگون حل اختلاف تعریف کرد، در دعاوی سرمایه‌گذاری بیش از همه، معلول تعدد مراجع پیش‌بینی‌شده در معاهدات سرمایه‌گذاری و قرارداهای سرمایه‌گذاری است. علی‌رغم آثار مخرب  رسیدگی‌های موازی، روش‌های مقابله با آن‌ها هنوز به تکامل لازم نرسیده و  نیازمند توجه کامل اصحاب دعوا به توافقات لازم در جهت کاهش آثار مخرب آن، حتی‌المقدور پیش از بروز اختلاف است. دیوان‌های داوری هم اصول و روش‌هایی برای مقابله با  رسیدگی‌های موازی دارند که بعضاً برای اثرگذاری بیشتر، نیازمند توجه یا درخواست اصحاب دعوا است. مقابله با  رسیدگی‌های موازی در مقام اجرا با دشواری‌های زیادتری روبه‌روست و همین مسئله نشان‌دهنده اهمیت مقابله با آن، پیش از مرحله اجرااست.    

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Parallel Proceedings in Foreign Investment Disputes and Preventing them

نویسنده [English]

  • Shahab Jafari nedoshan

چکیده [English]

Parallel Proceedings, which can be described in short as commencing arbitration and/or litigation regarding related disputes in different dispute settlement forums or mechanisms, most of the time in investment disputes, are caused by the myriads of dispute settlement forums and procedures stipulated in investment contracts and investment treaties. In spite of the corrosive consequences of the Parallel Proceedings, battling the deleterious effects of it, is not fully developed and yet needs complete attention of the disputing parties to the contractual methods, especially prior to the stage of arising an actual dispute. Arbitral tribunals have developed some principles and mechanisms to battle Parallel Proceedings, most of which require parties’ consideration or initiative to be fully functional. Battling parallel proceedings throughout the period of enforcement of the award involves so many difficulties which in turn show the significance of confronting it prior to the stage of the enforcement of the award

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Parallel Proceedings
  • Investment Disputes
  • Forum Shopping
  • Arbitration
  • Jurisdiction
الف - فارسی
- نیکبخت، حمیدرضا، داوری تجاری بین المللی،"آیین داوری"، مؤسسه مطالعات و پژوهش‌های بازرگانی، چاپ دوم ،1390.
- ـــــــــــــــــــ ، شناسایی و اجرای آراء داوری های تجاری بین‌المللی در ایران، مؤسسه مطالعات و پژوهش‌های بازرگانی، 1385.
ب - انگلیسی:
Books:
- Rudolf Dolzer, & Christoph Schreuer, Principles of International Investment Law, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2008.
- James J.Fawcett,  Oxford Monographs in Private International Law, Declining Jurisdiction in Private International Law, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1995.
- Emmanuel Gaillard, Anti-Suit Injunctions in International Arbitration, Juris Publishing, Inc. and International Arbitration Institute (IAI), New York, 2005.
- Bryan A. Garner, Black's Law Dictionary, Eighth Edition, Thomson, New York, 2004.
-Campbell McLachlan, Lauerce Shore, & Matthew  Weiniger,  International Investment Arbitration: Substantive Principles, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2008.
- Peter Muchliniski, Federico Ortino, & Christoph  Schreuer, The Oxford Hand book of International Investment Law, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2008.
- Lucy Reed, Jon Paulson, & Nigel Blakaby, , Guide to ICSID Arbitration, Kluwer Law International, Hague, 2006.
- Christoph Schreuer, Loretta Malintoppi, August  Reinisch, & Anthony Sinclair, The ICSID Convention A Commentary, Second Edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2009.
-United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, State Contracts, UNCTAD Series on Issues in International Investment Agreements, United Nations Publication, New York and Geneva, 2004.
 
Articles:
- Gilles Cuniberti, ''Parallel Litigation and Foreign Investment Dispute Settlement'', ICSID Review, Volume 21, Issue 2, 2006.
- Susan D. Frank, ''The Legitimacy Crisis in Investment Treaty Arbitration: Privatizing Public International Law Through Inconsistent Decisions'', Fordham Law Review, Volume 73, Issue 4, 2005.
- Bernard Hanotiau, ''Problems Raised by Complex Arbitrations Involving Multiple Contracts-Parties-Issues, an Analysis'', Journal of International Arbitration, Volume 18, Issue 3, 2001.
- A.F.M.Maniruzzaman, ''The Relevance of  Public International Law in Arbitrations Concerning International Economic Development Agreements An Appraisal of Some Fundamental Aspects'', The Journal of World Investment & Trade, Volume 6, Issue 2, 2005
- Rahim Moloo, ''Arbitrators Granting Antisuit Orders: When Should They and on What Authority? '', Journal of International Arbitration, Volume 26, Issue 2, 2009.
- Margret Moses, ''Party Agreement to Expand Judicial Review of Arbitral Awards'', Journal of International Arbitration, Volume 20, Issue 3, 2003.
- Alexis Mourre, & Lucag Radicati Di Brozolo, ''Towards Finality of Arbitral Awards: Two Steps Forward and one Step Back'', Journal of International Arbitration, Volume 32,Issue 2,2006.
- Marvin G.Pickholz, ''The Expanding World of Parallel Proceedings'', Temple Law Quarterly, volume 53, Issue 4, 1980.
- David R.Sedlak, ''ICSID'S Resurgence in International Investment Arbitration: Can the Momentum hold'', Penn State International Law Review, Volume 23, Issue 1, 2004.
- Jamie Shookman, ''Too many Forums for Investment Disputes? ICSID Illustration of Parallel Proceedings and Analysis'', Journal of International Arbitration, volume 27, Issue 4, 2010.
- Christer Soderlund,  ''Lis pendens,res judicata and the Issue of Parallel Judicial Proceedings'', Journal of International Arbitration, Volume 22, Issue 4, 2005.
- Jeswald W.Solacuse, ''BIT by BIT'', International Lawyer (ABA), Volume 24, Issue 3, 1990.
- Louise Ellen -Teitz,  ''Both Sides of The Coin: A Decade of Parallel Proceedings and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in Transnational Litigation'', Roger Williams University Law Review, volume 10, Issue 1, 2004.
-Sarosh Zaiwalla, ''Challenging Arbitral Awards: Finality is Good but Justice is Better'', Journal of International Arbitration, Volume 20, Issue 2, 2003.
 
 
 
Sentences:
-        Camuzi International SA v. Argentine Republic (ICSID Case No ARB/03/2), Decision on Objection to Jurisdiction,11 May 2005.
-        Canfor Corp v. United States of America, Tembec et al v United States of America, Terminal Forest Products Ltd v. United States of America (Consolidation), UNCITRAL (NAFTA, 2005).
-        CME Czech Republic B.V. v. Czech Republic, UNCITRAL, Final Award on 14 March, 2003.
-        Compania de Aguas del Aconquija S.A. and Vivendi Universal v. Argentine Republic, (ICSID Case No.ARB/97/3), Decision on Annulment 3 July 2002.
-        Corn Products International Inc. v United Mexican States ( ICSID Case No ARB (AF)/04/1), Award 18 August 2009, and Archer Daniels Midland w and Tate & Lyle Ingredients Americas Inc. v. United Mexican States ( ICSID Case No ARB (AF)/04/5) (Consolidation) (NAFTA/ ICSID (AF), Award  21 November, 2007.
-        Lauder v. Czech Republic, UNCITRAL, Final Award on 3 September 2001.
-        Linen Fortinberry & Associates Inc. v. Islamic Republic of Iran, Interim Award No. ITM 48-10513-2, April 10,1985.
-        Salini Construttori S.P.A and Italstrade S.P.A. v. Kingdom of Morocco, (ICSID case No. ARB/00/4), Decision on Jurisdiction, July 23, 2001.
-        Sempra Energy International v. Argentine Republic (ICSID Case No ARB/02/16) Decision on Objection to Jurisdiction on 11 May 2005.
-        SGS Société Générale de Surveillance S.A. v. Islamic Republic of Pakistan, (ICSID Case No. ARB/01/013).Procedural order No. 2, October 16, 2002.
-        SGS Société Générale de Surveillance S.A. v. Republic of the Philippines, (ICSID Case No. ARB/02/6) Decision on Jurisdiction, 29 January 2004.
-        Tokios Tokele's v, Ukraine, (ICSID Case No.ARB/02/18) Procedural order No.1, July1, 2003.
-        Washington Electric Corp.v.Islamic Republic of Iran, Interlocutory Award No. ITL 67-389-2, February 15, 1987
-         
-        Italy-Morocco BIT (1988).
-        Switzerland-Pakistan BIT (1988).
-        US Model BIT (2004).
 
Treaties:
-        Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of other States (Adopted 1965 , Entered into Force 1966).
-        North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) (signed 1992, entered into force 1994)
-        The Inter-American Convention on International Commercial Arbitration, 1975 (also known as the Panama Convention).
-        United Nations Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards (1958) or New York Convention.
 
Acts:
-        International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes Additional Facilities Rules, 1978.
-        International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes Rules of Procedure for Arbitration Proceedings (Arbitration Rules), 2006.
-        International Chamber of Commerce Rules of Arbitration,1998.
-        The United Nations Commission on International Trade Law Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration, 1985 with Amendments as Adopted in 2006.
Reports:
-        International Law Association Final Report on" lis pendens and Arbitration".