Document Type : Research/Original/Regular Article
Authors
1 PhD student in Criminal Law and Criminology, School of Law, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, School of Law, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Faculty of Law, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
The agreement of the governments in the Millennium Declaration of the United Nations in 2000 to eliminate poverty, hunger and provide housing for the citizens and choosing October 10th since 1986 as "World Homelessness Day" by the "Human Settlement Program" The United Nations is well aware that the increase in the number of homeless people as a social harm has made governments struggle. Homeless people face criminal interventions and coercive responses due to disrupting order and security and creating fear among citizens and as violators of social norms. Criminalization of homelessness and criminalization of some inevitable and vital actions of the homeless, such as pitching tents, sleeping and urinating in public places, roadblocks, etc., which ultimately lead to their collection, fines, imprisonment, hospitalization Compulsory and other coercive measures are considered to be one of the most important manifestations of criminal intervention in the field of homelessness. In addition to reactive and repressive measures, resorting to welfare policies, support, preventive measures and non-criminal interventions in dealing with homelessness is also important.
This article tries to express criminal and non-criminal approaches to homelessness and evaluate the effectiveness of these interventions. The results of the research indicate that the punishment of the homeless and the use of punitive and repressive methods as well as the preventive and corrective methods of clinical criminology have not been effective. On the other hand, treatment-oriented and problem-solving approaches with the close cooperation of the judicial and treatment systems, as well as mixing punishment and treatment, prevent the cycle of repeating homelessness.
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