Abortion is a multi-dimensional phenomenon that the legislation about it requires attention to all its dimensions, including the social dimension, and this necessity requires attention to the challenges of the social efficiency of the laws that are supposed to regulate this phenomenon. In this research, an attempt has been made to study and analyze the challenges of the social efficiency of abortion laws in Iran with the qualitative method of content analysis and in-depth and semi-structured interview tools. For this purpose, 11 experts and key informants of this field (gynecologists, midwives, Reproductive health expert ) were interviewed. The findings of this research identified four types of challenges in the form of four main themes: 1) "Structural challenges and legal void" include the sub-themes of the law not being realistic", "the absoluteness of the laws", "the supremacy and prescriptiveness of the laws" and "the lack of anticipation of the necessary social institutions"; 2) "Cultural challenges", which are divided into five sub-themes of "fetal objectification", "decimation of abortion", "reduction of moral values", "individualism", And "the devaluing of having children" can be categorized; 3) "executive and supervisory challenges", includes two sub-themes "non-implementation of laws" and "supervisory weaknesses"; and 4) "Economic challenges" was investigated as the last theme in this research.