نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری حقوق خصوصی، دانشکدۀ حقوق، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری روانشناسی بالینی، دانشکدۀ روانشناسی‌ و علوم‌ تربیتی‌،‌ دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

قانون، شواهد و اسناد مهم‌ترین پیش‌بینی‌کننده‌ها در تصمیمات قضایی به شمار می‌روند. اما تصمیم‌گیری صرفاً متأثر از این عناصر نبوده و عوامل مداخله‌گر دیگری نیز وجود دارند که می‌توانند اثرگذاری جدی بر تصمیم قضایی داشته باشند. پژوهش حاضر درصدد واکاوی جنسیت قاضی به‌مثابۀ یکی از عواملی است که می‌تواند در رأی قاضی منشأ اثر بوده و به تمایز در تصمیمات قضایی بینجامد. این پژوهش با استفاده از روش توصیفی ـ تحلیلی کوشیده است با کاوش در مطالعات انجام شده در حوزۀ اثرگذاری جنسیت بر آرای قضایی، در این زمینه روشنگر بوده باشد. بخش دوم پژوهش به ارائۀ راهکارهایی برای کاستن از این اثرگذاری که بالقوه می‌تواند به انحراف از عدالت قضایی بینجامد، اختصاص یافته است. این راهکارها در دو طبقه راهکارهای ساختاری و راهکارهای شخصی ارائه گردیده‌اند. راهکارهای ساختاری بر ارائۀ پیشنهاد در راستای بازنگری و بهبود فرایند دادرسی متمرکز بوده و راهکارهای شخصی حول ظرفیت‌های شناختی و مسائل درون‌روانی به ارائۀ پیشنهاد می‌پردازند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Gender & Legal Interpretation

نویسندگان [English]

  • Reza Pourmohammadi 1
  • Mohammad Mahdi Yousefi 2

1 Doctoral student of private law, Faculty of Law, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

2 Doctoral student of clinical psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Although the focus of judicial decisions is on laws and evidence, other factors also play crucial roles. Judges' gender is one such factor hypothetically influencing judicial decision-making. The present study seeks to determine whether, based on statistical and empirical evidence, a correspondence can be detected between the judges’ gender and their judicial decision-making. Using the descriptive-analytical method, the present study tries, first, to achieve a coherent understanding of this issue by analyzing the research already carried out on the judges' gender and, in the next step, to provide solutions to control –or at least minimize- the unconscious impact of gender on decision-making. The solutions presented in this research fall into two categories: personal strategies and structural strategies. In the first category, we try to provide recommendations to strengthen cognitive powers, while in the second, we will suggest ways to minimize the impact of judges' gender by structurally reforming the judiciary system

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Judicial Decision-making
  • Judicial Psychology
  • Legal Interpretation
  • Legal Feminism
  • Legal Realism
  • فارسی

    • الماسی، مسعود و احمد واعظی (1400)، «پوزیتویسم حقوقی در نظام قضایی ایران برایند تعاملیِ فرمالیسم حقوقی و نص گرایی قانونی»، مجله حقوقی دادگستری، دورۀ 86، شمارۀ 115.
    • ‏‫پورمحمدی، رضا، محمدمهدی یوسفی و محمدعبدالصالح شاهنوش فروشانی (1400)، «تأثیر پیشینه اجتماعی قضات بر آرای قضائی»، مطالعات حقوق خصوصی، دورۀ 51، شمارۀ 3.
    • ‏‫صالحی مازندرانی، محمد و رضا پورمحمدی (1399). نظریه اصول فهم عرفی: شناخت علل وقایع از منظر فقه و حقوق، ویراست2، قم: انتشارات دارالفکر.
    • صانعی، پرویز (1381)، حقوق و اجتماع: رابطه حقوق با عوامل اجتماعی و روانی، تهران: طرح نو.
    • فروغی نیک، رحیم (1387)، «تفسیر و استدلال حقوقی در حقوق رم»‏، مجله حقوقی دادگستری، دورۀ 72، شمارۀ 63-62.
    • کاتوزیان، ناصر (1398)، فلسفه حقوق، جلد سوم، چاپ 1، تهران: گنج دانش.
    • ‏‫محقق داماد، سیدمصطفی، رضا پورمحمدی و سیدمصطفی حسینی نسب (1400)، نظریه اصولی، چاپ ۱، جلد اول، قم: بوستان کتاب.

    ‏‫عربی

    • ‏‫ ابن‌بابویه، محمد بن علی (1363)، من لا یحضره الفقیه، جلد چهارم، قم: جماعة المدرسین فی الحوزة العلمیة.
    • بهبهانی، محمدباقر بن محمداکمل (1415ق)، الفوائد الحائریة، چاپ 1، قم: مجمع الفکر الإسلامی.
    • میرزای قمی، ابوالقاسم بن محمدحسن (1430ق)، القوانین المحکمة فی الأصول، جلد اول، چاپ 1، قم: احیاء الکتب الاسلامیة.

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