Private Law
Abdolsaeed Badiei; farhad PARVIN
Abstract
Certain Authorities of Religious Minorities in Iran’s Act and theEffects of Their DecisionsOne the innovations in the new act of family support is observed in article 4 for the authorities of religiousminorities. Concerning the competence of these authorities and their relationships with the judicial ...
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Certain Authorities of Religious Minorities in Iran’s Act and theEffects of Their DecisionsOne the innovations in the new act of family support is observed in article 4 for the authorities of religiousminorities. Concerning the competence of these authorities and their relationships with the judicial courts,legislators deny the competence of the general courts in hearing the minority affairs based on their religiouscommonalities and certain rules and habits. Moreover, given that these authorities are competent to hear thepersonal status and non-litigious affairs of the religious minorities and are legally recognized to do so, they canbe, to some extent, considered as an exceptional part of the judicial judgment institution. As a result, theirdecisions are valid in the courts and are ratified and enforced if they are compatible with the public order andmorality.Keywords: religious minorities, certain authorities, common and certain rules and habits, judicial system,judicial authority
Private Law
Abdolvahid Zahedi; samira sargezi
Abstract
Abstract In the current legal system, despite the fact that for many years has been found the importance of procedure of proceedings to be in the strict sense of the law; But the legislator has not yet accepted that these two types of law have the same significance. On the basis of this refusal, Violations ...
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Abstract In the current legal system, despite the fact that for many years has been found the importance of procedure of proceedings to be in the strict sense of the law; But the legislator has not yet accepted that these two types of law have the same significance. On the basis of this refusal, Violations of the substantive rights always invalidate the verdict of the court, but violations of the procedural rights invalidate the verdict of the court when they are of such importance as to invalidate the vote. But there is a question, what are these high-ranking ceremonies? can be used Various criteria to identify these principles. However, the criterion of effective criminal procedure is more consistent with the current law and the former laws, while the criterion of the basic principles of the proceedings is more in line with the objectives of the criminal procedure.Key words: Principles of procedure, procedural procedures, Principles with high degree of importance, effective criminal procedure
Private Law
Hasan Badini; Mohammad khakbaz
Abstract
Inflation affects fulfillment of financial obligations or non-financial contracts with financial effects such as marriage portion in marriage contract. Inflation renders fulfillment of obligations sometimes impossible or delayed and sometimes with great distress and constriction. Solutions must be devised ...
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Inflation affects fulfillment of financial obligations or non-financial contracts with financial effects such as marriage portion in marriage contract. Inflation renders fulfillment of obligations sometimes impossible or delayed and sometimes with great distress and constriction. Solutions must be devised in such conditions for just interpretation and execution of contract and prevention of abuse of right by the obligee as abuse of right is prohibited (Principle 40 of the Constitution law and Doctrine of LA ZARAR). Means such as cancellation of contract by the obligor using option of impossibility of submission of consideration, granting just deadline to the obligee, adjustment of contract, claim of delay damages or day price in delayed monetary obligations can help balancing between the parties' rights. However, it must be taken into account that making contractual conditions just needs to be in compliance with valid legal principles. Also, a solution for a legal issue is not necessarily similar to the other one due to the special relativity of humanities in general and law in particular and the fact that justice is a relative, flexible and fragile concept.
Private Law
LATIF EBADPOUR; sayed mohammadsadeg mousavi
Abstract
Agency is subrogation and based on the majority of Shi'a jurisprudents and Iranian civil law an irrevocable agency is a kind of agency in which the agent's agency or the failure to dismiss him as a condition for the outcome of the contract is required. Today, irrevocable agency has become more prominent ...
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Agency is subrogation and based on the majority of Shi'a jurisprudents and Iranian civil law an irrevocable agency is a kind of agency in which the agent's agency or the failure to dismiss him as a condition for the outcome of the contract is required. Today, irrevocable agency has become more prominent among traders than what it deserves and the trade conventions of the past decade have considered the irrevocable agency as a contract in which a person (the client) through obtaining the cost of his financial rights and signing the document gives that property or right to another person (agent) and cannot have any claim over that property or right. However, the condition of the agency or not being dismissed during necessary agreement does not change the nature of the agency and does not result in the change of the nature of agency from permission and subrogation to an eternal phenomenon. With such a condition, the client cannot dismiss the agent and in other sentences the permissible contracts, such as its dissolution due to the death and insanity of both sides, will not be influential. The present article aims at highlighting the weak points of an irrevocable agency and presenting a new pattern capable of replacing with it. The proposed template is a "transfer of sale right contract'' which is qualified enough to compete with death and insanity. ''Right of sale" as one of the components of property right has the necessary capabilities to replace the permission and representation. The focus of the text is on the fact that this capability should be proved taking into account the existing legal capacity so that any possible shortcomings can be solved through legislator's intervention.
Private Law
morteza ghasemzadeh; fatemeh nouri
Abstract
If person owe to another with different reason and pay sum to paying off his debt; the article 282 civil law authorize to him for choosing that for which debt is this payment. In order to entitle the debtor for this selection; some conditions are needed; among the most momentous of these conditions is ...
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If person owe to another with different reason and pay sum to paying off his debt; the article 282 civil law authorize to him for choosing that for which debt is this payment. In order to entitle the debtor for this selection; some conditions are needed; among the most momentous of these conditions is the amount of payment and debt. In this regard there is a dubious assumption that shows there is conflict in some assumptions with article 277 that seems according to legislative supportive. Approach in article 282 and interpretation in favor of the debtor; all qualities shall be covered by the above article. Regarding the time interval that debtor has authority to exercise his above right different approaches is stated. In one hand existence of proofs in article 282 on the basis of deviate from the chosen method in French law and attention to jurisprudential comment in regarding of debtor’s option.In the other hand existence some theories base on staying the debtor’s right at the time of quarrel. It is all enlightening that debtor’s option in selecting one of the several debts in article 282 is absolute and conditioning both time of debt settlement and litigation time.
Private Law
Mohsen Esmaili; Mahdi Abbasi Sarmadi
Abstract
AbstractThe conflict resolution rules pertaining to determination of applicable law on the subjects of intellectual property law including copyright are seriously challenged by the advent of Internet. This is because of much increase in the possibility of misuse from copyrighted works and also infringement ...
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AbstractThe conflict resolution rules pertaining to determination of applicable law on the subjects of intellectual property law including copyright are seriously challenged by the advent of Internet. This is because of much increase in the possibility of misuse from copyrighted works and also infringement of the creator’s rights around the world due to the spread of Internet use. The specific nature of intellectual property and the domination of the principle of territoriality as well as the diversity of these rights and lack of internationally accepted conflict resolution rules specific to intellectual property law lead to numerous different problems for the courts in each of the different countries of the world. Hence, in order to achieve the most effective rules of conflict resolutions in this field and particularly in relation to solving the problems caused by Internet, existing laws and regulations were studied using documentary method. The findings of this research indicate that the closest connection rule which is raised and supported by modern academic approaches such as the system designed by American Law Institute can be useful and effective in confronting the challenges and limitations of intellectual property law both in theoretical and practical aspects.
Private Law
mohammad hasan sadeghi moghadam; seyedreza amiri sararoodi
Abstract
Nationality of children which are born by assisted reproduction techniquesAbstract:New methods of fertility such as intrauterine fertility or injection of spermatozoa into the cytoplasm of ovule caused that lawyers and jurisconsults started to survey and claim about various legal dimensions of children ...
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Nationality of children which are born by assisted reproduction techniquesAbstract:New methods of fertility such as intrauterine fertility or injection of spermatozoa into the cytoplasm of ovule caused that lawyers and jurisconsults started to survey and claim about various legal dimensions of children which are born by this method. The nationality of the child which is born – citizenship birth – is among the subjects which require legal analysis. Recognizing of this vital fact required to recognize the patrilineal of child which is consequence of such methods like that, because the Iranian legislator accounts the citizenship of Iran as a criterion of patrilineal of child. If the fetus will be the result of the Iranian father’s sperm, and non-Iranian female’s ovule, the child will be Iranian, but if the fetus will be the result of non-Iranian male’s sperm, and Iranian or non- Iranian female’s ovule, the child will be non-Iranian.
