Raziyeh sabzehali; Mahmood Ashrafy; Masoud Heidari
Abstract
Since the formation of communities, there have been different reactions to the phenomenon of crime. In the past, in the process of defining the punishment, offender’s character was not taken into consideration but only the crime and its consequences. By positivism school, the offender’s character, ...
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Since the formation of communities, there have been different reactions to the phenomenon of crime. In the past, in the process of defining the punishment, offender’s character was not taken into consideration but only the crime and its consequences. By positivism school, the offender’s character, “this newly emerged in criminal law”, was taken into consideration. Since then, criminal justice was realized not only according to the crime but also with respect to the offender’s character and understanding the circumstances which led to the commission of a criminal act. Since early twentieth century, it was felt the necessity of filing character dossier alongside with the criminal case in order to adopt a response proportional to the offender’s character to achieve refinement and treatment goals and to plan effectively the prevention and recidivism programs. Character dossier which is necessary to reform criminals is a record containing the comments by specialists in psychology, psychiatrist, psychologist and social workers about the criminal’s character in order to be used by the authorities to adjust the punishment to offender’s character. In Criminal Procedure Law 2013, Articles 203 and 286 predicts explicitly the character dossier filed against adults and also children. Obviously, according to changes in the Islamic Penal Code in 2013, some new proposed mechanisms including alternatives to imprisonment, probation, suspension of punishment, postponed sentencing, exemption from punishment all of which require appropriate response to the offender’s character, are not applicable without filing character dossier.
Nasrin Mehra; Mohammad Yekrangi; Abbas Moazzen
Abstract
Penal policy in the meaning of the combating crimes by means of punishment, like all other policies has some special patterns. This policy has three fields: criminalization, criminal liability and punishment and every field has its own models. Every countries select one model as a primary pattern and ...
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Penal policy in the meaning of the combating crimes by means of punishment, like all other policies has some special patterns. This policy has three fields: criminalization, criminal liability and punishment and every field has its own models. Every countries select one model as a primary pattern and use some other patterns exceptionally. However, the important issue is consistency of policy. There is a strong relationship between selecting the pattern, in one hand, and situation which the provision is enacted, in the other hand. This paper, with the discourse analysis approach will scrutinize the post revolution criminal Acts to find out what was/is the primary model of sentencing in the Iranian criminal law and consider why the sentencing model is changed in the last Criminal law, i.e. Islamic Criminal Law 1392. Finally, it concludes that the most important sentencing model in the first three decades was voluntary sentencing model. Because the prominent approach was Fiqh approach and in the fourth decade the primary sentencing model is shifted to presumptive sentencing model.
Criminal Law
rasool ahmadzadeh; zahra mashayekhi
Abstract
From one perspective, crimes are classified into two types of offences irrespective of condition of the victim and forgivable. The forgivable crimes are those that deserve special attention in addition to the public aspect. The legislator in this category of crimes has a significant stake in the plaintiff's ...
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From one perspective, crimes are classified into two types of offences irrespective of condition of the victim and forgivable. The forgivable crimes are those that deserve special attention in addition to the public aspect. The legislator in this category of crimes has a significant stake in the plaintiff's will so that the initiation, pursuit, prosecution and enforcement of the sentence is subject to the plaintiff's complaint and failure to pass. The present study deals with one of the assumptions regarding the plaintiff's expulsion announcement that, prior to the expiration of the pledge, agreements are reached between the plaintiff and the custodian. In this research we will seek to answer the question of what is the legal nature of the past and can previous agreements be constrained? Our hypothesis is that forgiveness is inherently a kind of will, and although the agreements reached can make it a condition, it has virtually no effect on the judicial process.
