The rapid developments in emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence, big data, biotechnology, and cyberspace, have led to the emergence of a new dimension of human demands, reflected within the framework of the “fourth generation of human rights”. This category of rights, which encompasses concepts such as the right to digital privacy, information security, equal access to technology, bio-justice, and intergenerational rights, has now become one of the most significant challenges and necessities of the international legal order. Nevertheless, international human rights law still lacks institutionalized mechanisms for the respect, protect and effective fulfilment of this category of rights. The present article, adopting an institutional analytical approach, examines the necessity of recognizing and guaranteeing fourth-generation human rights in the contemporary era. In this regard, it evaluates the capacities and performance of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation as a regional institution with an independent value-based foundation and a distinctive legal structure. The main focus of this research is to evaluate the structures, instruments, and functions of the Organization’s Permanent Independent Human Rights Commission in addressing the challenges and demands arising from technological developments. The findings of the article indicate that, although the Organization of Islamic Cooperation has been active in traditional areas of human rights, it has so far lacked a systematic approach toward fourth-generation human rights. On this basis, the article provides recommendations aimed at strengthening the role of this organization in the process of recognizing, norm-setting, and guaranteeing fourth-generation human rights at the regional and international levels.