The Judiciarys Law Journal

The Judiciarys Law Journal

Analyzing the effectiveness of the "accusation objection" indicators in the Common Law and Roman-Germanic legal systems with a view to Iranian law

Document Type : Research/Original/Regular Article

Authors
adnan omrani far 1
mehdi sheydaeiyan 2
Hassan Alipour 3
1 Doctorate in criminal law and criminology from Tehran University
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Faculty of Law, Farabi Campus, Tehra University
3 Member of the Faculty of Farabi Campus of Tehran University
10.22106/jlj.2024.2011013.5425
Abstract
Accusation, as the main stage of the criminal process, which can be considered as the gateway to criminal justice, is affected by criminal justice systems in such a way that, contrary to most beliefs, that the indicators of accusation are the same in all legal systems, its indicators according to the systems and processes Criminal justice is different, and as a result, this influence plays an important role in the beginning and subsequent stages of the criminal process. The current research, which was compiled with descriptive-analytical method after examining the criminal justice systems and processes, has concluded: the indicators of objection to the accusation are different according to the system and the governing process of the proceedings, so that in the Roman-Germanic system, the prosecutor has no role in the objection stage. There is no charge and he must proceed with it, while in the common law system, the prosecutor can refuse to charge in some cases. In the control-oriented criminal justice process, any reaction against order and security is faced with an accusation, while in the dignity-oriented process, the accusation is based on the sufficiency of evidence system and is introduced with caution and considering the prevailing suspicion of committing a crime. Finally, in the combined process, in crimes with private status, accusations are presented with the same indicators as in the dignity-oriented process, and in crimes with public status, including crimes against sovereignty, the indicators of accusations are similar to the control-oriented process. The approach of Iran's criminal justice system in this regard is such that the prosecutor has no authority in the accusation stage and must initiate the criminal process, and in the end, the accusation in Iranian law is considered to be in line with the indicators of the control system to a large extent.
Keywords
accusation
criminal justice system
prosecutor
common law system
Roman-Germanic system
accused
Subjects

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The Judiciarys Law Journal
Volume 88, Issue 126
Autumn 2024
Pages 249-272

  • Receive Date 07 September 2023
  • Revise Date 20 May 2024
  • Accept Date 18 June 2024
  • First Publish Date 22 August 2024
  • Publish Date 22 August 2024