The Judiciarys Law Journal

The Judiciarys Law Journal

The Typology of Reactions to Begging: From Penal Policy to Social Policy

Document Type : Research/Original/Regular Article

Author
Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Faculty of Humanities, Bo Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran
Abstract
Begging as a social phenomenon and behavior. Governments' responses to this phenomenon vary, encompassing a wide range of approaches, from mere criminalization to non-criminalization.

In Article 712 of the Islamic Penal Code (1996), the legislator has considered the absolute commission of this act as a crime. On the other hand, Criminalization, is a process based on rationality and is done by taking into account social realities. Therefore, it is necessary to examine other models to assess the position of the Iranian criminal justice system in the face of this phenomenon. Accordingly, a comparative study of the reaction of sixteen countries to this phenomenon shows that the four countries of Iran, England, Wales and Denmark have absolutely criminalized begging: Eight countries in France, Germany, Scotland, Belgium, Jordan, Singapore, Turkey and Switzerland have criminalized this behavior on the condition that it be disruptive, aggressive and abusive, and that children and vulnerable people are abused, and four countries: Sweden, Norway, Malaysia and Canada have not criminalized or decriminalized this behavior, as the case may be.
Keywords
Subjects

منابع

فارسی

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§         عبدالفتاح، عزت (1381) ،« جرم چیست و معیارهای جرم‌انگاری کدام است؟»؛ ترجمه و توضیح :اسماعیل رحیمی نژاد، مجله حقوقی دادگستری شماره 41.
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انگلیسی

§  Abu Sari', Muhammad (1986). The Phenomenon of Begging and Obstacles to Combating It, a paper submitted to the Police Academy, Egypt.
§  Al-Khawaldah, Moayad Hosniy; Al-Khseilat, Abdullah Ahmed, )2021), The Crime of Begging, a Comparative Study of the Jordanian, French, Belgian and German Laws, Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry, Volume 12, Issue 3.
§  Ash-Shathry, Abdulaziz (2010). Begging in the Saudi System of Trafficking in Persons, Master’s Thesis in Criminal Justice. College of Graduate Studies, Naif University for Security Sciences, Saudi Arabia – Riyadh.
§  Baker, Dennis J. (2009). "A critical evaluation of the historical and contemporary justifications for criminalising begging", The Journal of Criminal Law, Vol 73, Issue 3.
§  Derdak, Noria (2020), How can it be that anti-poor orders still exist? in: The criminalization of homelessness, Homeless in Europe magazine.
§  Hermer, Joe (2020), Will the uk government finally reperal archaic vagrancy law in England and wales? In: The criminalization of homelessness, Homeless in Europe magazine.
§  Hermer, Joe (2021), Policing Compassion: Begging, Law and Power in Public Spaces, Bloomsbury Publishing.
§  Hansen, Maja Lovbjerg (2020), Criminalising rough sleeping in Denmark, In: The criminalization of homelessness, Homeless in Europe magazine.
§  Housing Rights Watch et al, (2012) , Report on Germany’s laws penalising homelessness.
§  Källgren, Martin Enquist (2020), The spread of anti-begging measures and the absence of free movement rights in Sweden, In: The criminalization of homelessness, Homeless in Europe magazine.
§  Morris L. (2002), Dangerous classes: The underclass and social citizenship. Routledge.
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اسناد الکترونیک

§  http://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document//E-8-2017-007376_EN.html, Begging laws in Denmark, last visited on 15/10/ 2021.
§  https://www.streetchildren.org/legal-atlas/map/germany/status-offences/is-it-illegal-for-children-to-beg/ last visited on 25/02/2022.
§  https://www.newsinenglish.no/oslo-tries-to-crack-down-on-begging/ last visited on 10/05/2017.
 
Volume 87, Issue 121
Winter 2023
Pages 243-263

  • Receive Date 29 April 2022
  • Revise Date 14 June 2022
  • Accept Date 13 June 2022
  • First Publish Date 02 July 2022
  • Publish Date 21 March 2023